비타민B12 (코발라민)

Association between vitamin B12 deficiency and long-term use of acid-lowering agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

1. Intern Med J. 2015 Apr;45(4):409-16. doi: 10.1111/imj.12697. Association between vitamin B12 deficiency and long-term use of acid-lowering agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jung SB(1), Nagaraja V, Kapur A, Eslick GD. Author information: (1)Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Austra

Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for the prevention and treatment of healthy elderly and demented people.

2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Oct 8;2008(4):CD004514. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004514.pub2. Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for the prevention and treatment of healthy elderly and demented people. Malouf R(1), Grimley Evans J. Author information: (1)Department of Psychiatry, Oxfords

Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for cognition and dementia.

3. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(4):CD004514. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004514. Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for cognition and dementia. Malouf M(1), Grimley EJ, Areosa SA. Author information: (1)Dept. of Clinical Geratology, Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group, Radclif

Comparative efficacy of biweekly preventive supplementation, with multiple micronutrients and iron folic acid or iron folic acid alone, on hemoglobin concentrations and anemia prevalence in children aged 6-59 months: a randomized controlled trial in rural India.

1. Am J Clin Nutr. 2026 May;123(5):101281. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101281. Epub 2026 Mar 19. Comparative efficacy of biweekly preventive supplementation, with multiple micronutrients and iron folic acid or iron folic acid alone, on hemoglobin concentrations and anemia prevalence in children aged 6-59 months: a randomized controlled trial in rural India. Upadhyay RP(1), Chowdhury R(1), Mundra S(1), Taneja S(2), Jacob M(3), Kapil U(4), Bavdekar A(5), Bhandari N(1). Author information: (1)Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India. (2)Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: sunita.taneja@sas.org.in. (3)Department of Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. (4)Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India. (5)Department of Pediatrics, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India. BACKGROUND: Anemia affects more than two-thirds of children aged <5 y in India, despite biweekly iron folic acid (IFA) supplementation under the Anemia Mukt Bharat national program. Multiple micronutrient (MMN) deficiencies may also contribute to the presence of anemia, but the incremental benefit of MMN supplementation in addition to IFA remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the efficacy of biweekly preventive supplementation with MMNs plus IFA compared with IFA alone on hemoglobin concentrations and prevalence of anemia in children aged 6-59 mo. METHODS: In this individually randomized, open-label trial, eligible children received biweekly supplementation with either MMN plus IFA (intervention) or IFA alone (control) for 100 doses over 50 wk. Primary outcomes were mean hemoglobin concentration and anemia prevalence. Secondary outcomes included serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, vitamin B12, folate, and zinc. RESULTS: Among 1300 children enrolled (648 intervention and 652 control), supplementation compliance exceeded 75%. At the endline, the mean hemoglobin was slightly higher in the intervention group [adjusted mean difference, 0.12 g/dL; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.00, 0.25]. The prevalence of anemia was 17.6% in the intervention group and 24.0% in the control group (adjusted relative risk, 0.72; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.90). No significant differences were observed in serum biomarkers of iron status or other micronutrients. CONCLUSIONS: Biweekly supplementation with MMN plus IFA resulted in a modest increase in hemoglobin concentrations and a relative reduction in anemia prevalence compared with IFA alone, particularly in older children. Lack of improvement in biochemical markers and a small rise in hemoglobin concentrations suggest that a reduction in the prevalence of anemia may be driven by shifts near diagnostic thresholds, rather than meaningful physiological benefits. MMN adds minimal value where IFA adherence is already high. The study was registered at Clinical Trial Registry of India as #CTRI/2020/10/028299 (https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/login.php). Copyright © 2026 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101281 PMID: 41862001 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of interest RPU reports financial support was provided by Indian Council of Medical Research. All other authors report no conflicts of interest.

Maternal supplementation of vitamin B(12) in predominantly vegetarian pregnant women improves their vitamin B(12) status and the neurodevelopment of their infants: the MATCOBIND multicentric double-blind randomised control trial.

2. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2026 Mar 18;10(1):e004112. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2025-004112. Maternal supplementation of vitamin B(12) in predominantly vegetarian pregnant women improves their vitamin B(12) status and the neurodevelopment of their infants: the MATCOBIND multicentric double-blind randomised control trial. Nagpal J(1), Mathur M(2)(3), Rawat S(4), Singhal A(5), Pant R(6), Shah A(6), Nixon L(7), Mishra VK(3), Nagrath D(3), Heys M(5), Cortina-Borja M(5), Michie C(8), Gautam J(6), Karmacharya SB(9), Rai S(6), Lakhanpaul M(10)(11). Author information: (1)Department of Pediatrics & Clinical Epidemiology, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India. (2)Queen Mary University of London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK. (3)Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India. (4)Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India. (5)UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK. (6)Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. (7)Wolfson Institute of Population Health, UCL, London, UK. (8)University College London, London, UK. (9)Department of Neonatology, Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. (10)UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK m.lakhanpaul@ucl.ac.uk. (11)Nottingham University NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK. BACKGROUND: Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in populations with limited animal-source foods and has been linked to delayed infant neurodevelopment and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Evidence on the benefits of maternal B12 supplementation for improving infant neurodevelopment remains mixed, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries where deficiency is prevalent. METHODS: This double-blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted in two tertiary maternity care centres in India and Nepal. Pregnant women in their first trimester, following a vegetarian diet, were enrolled and randomised to receive either a daily oral supplement of 250 µg (group A) or 50 µg (group B) of methyl-cobalamin from enrolment to 6 months post partum. The primary outcomes were infant neurodevelopment assessed at 9-12 months using the Development Assessment Scale of Indian Infants and biochemical B12 status in mothers and infants measured through blood tests. RESULTS: 531 mothers completed the study (group A n=255; group B n=276). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between mothers at both centres or in groups A and B. Mental developmental quotients (DQs) were higher in the infants of group A: 103.7 (7.7) than group B: 101.7 (8.8); p=0.008). This corresponds to a mean difference of 7.8 centiles (p=0.007). Mean motor DQs were not significantly different between the groups. Maternal vitamin B12 levels rose from the first to third trimester in both groups, with a larger increase in group A (104.9 pg/mL (SD 159.1)) than group B (47.5 pg/mL (SD 118.0)), p<0.001. Holotranscobalamin levels improved similarly (p<0.001). All infant levels of vitamin B12 were within the normal range. Newborn anthropometry, APGAR scores and morbidity profiles were similar in both groups (p>0.05). Serum ferritin, vitamin D and folate were similar (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Daily supplementation with 250 µg of vitamin B12 during pregnancy in vegetarian mothers significantly improved infant mental DQ and maternal B12 status compared with a 50 µg dose. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ Group. DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2025-004112 PMCID: PMC13034390 PMID: 41850742 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Competing interests: No, there are no competing interests.

Complex Effects of B-Vitamin Combinations on Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials over Three Decades.

3. Nutrients. 2026 Mar 5;18(5):842. doi: 10.3390/nu18050842. Complex Effects of B-Vitamin Combinations on Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials over Three Decades. Ren R(1), Yang A(2), Chow A(3), Wang K(4), Wang S(5), Leo C(6), Lu Y(7)(8), Li M(9). Author information: (1)College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA. (2)Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. (3)College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA. (4)University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA. (5)NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, Mineola, NY 11501, USA. (6)Duke Raleigh Hospital, a Campus of Duke University Hospital, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. (7)College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Hennepin Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA. (8)Department of Pharmacy, Hennepin Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA. (9)Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Background and Purpose: The effects of B-vitamin combinations on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, remain controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) over three decades to evaluate the association between B-vitamin combinations and mortality and arterial thrombotic outcomes. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for RCTs with minimal duration over 24 months published between January 1996 and November 2025. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Random-effects models were used in this meta-analysis to calculate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Thirteen randomized trials enrolling 68,363 participants across both primary and secondary prevention populations were included. B-vitamin combinations were associated with a nonsignificant reduction in stroke and 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (stroke: RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.81-1.04; MACE: RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86-1.01). No significant effects were observed for all-cause mortality (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96-1.06), cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.88-1.07), or MI (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.91-1.03). In primary prevention populations, B-vitamin combinations were associated with significant reductions in stroke (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.93) and MACE (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.92). A modest reduction in MACE was also observed in secondary prevention populations (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99). Between-study heterogeneity was minimal to low for ischemic outcomes, supporting the robustness of these estimates, whereas substantial heterogeneity was observed for mortality outcomes in secondary prevention populations. Conclusions: The evidence is limited by heterogeneity in trial populations, vitamin formulations and doses, and outcome definitions, with substantial between-study inconsistency for mortality outcomes and imprecision in subgroup estimates derived from a small number of contributing trials. Overall, B-vitamin combinations do not confer consistent benefit for major cardiovascular outcomes but may reduce stroke and MACE in selected primary prevention populations, suggesting that baseline cardiovascular risk and regional folic acid fortification modify treatment effects and should guide future trial design and clinical use. DOI: 10.3390/nu18050842 PMCID: PMC12986992 PMID: 41830012 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Combined B-vitamin supplementation on homocysteine and vascular outcomes in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis.

4. Ann Med. 2026 Dec;58(1):2622208. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2026.2622208. Epub 2026 Jan 30. Combined B-vitamin supplementation on homocysteine and vascular outcomes in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. Guo L(1), Shi X(2), Wang G(3), Han W(1), Ding R(1), Wang S(4), Yuan D(3). Author information: (1)Department of Pharmacy, The 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. (2)Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. (3)Clinical Trial Institution for Drugs, The 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. (4)School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. OBJECTIVE: Hyperhomocysteinemia (Hcy) independently predicts coronary heart disease (CHD) and adverse cardiovascular events. Although folic acid plays a key role in Hcy metabolism, the effect of combined B-vitamin supplementation (folic acid, VB6, and VB12) on clinical outcomes in CHD remains uncertain. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted from inception through April 2025 using MeSH terms including "folic acid," "vitamin B6," "vitamin B12," "coronary heart disease," and "homocysteine." A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS: Thirteen studies involving 14,539 participants were included in the meta-analysis (7,338 patients treated with folic acid combined with vitamin B complex and 7,301 controls). Combined B-vitamin supplementation significantly reduced serum Hcy levels [mean difference: -2.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): (-3.09 to -1.62); p < 0.01] compared with any single-nutrient regimen. The incidence of vascular restenosis was lower in the intervention group than in the control group (risk ratio: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.44-0.95; p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the incidence of major cardiovascular events (p = 0.78) or cardiovascular-related mortality (risk ratio: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.85-1.07; p = 0.44). CONCLUSION: Combined B-vitamin supplementation effectively lowers serum Hcy levels and the incidence of vascular restenosis in patients with CHD. However, its impact on cardiovascular events and mortality remains inconclusive. Plain Language Summary: Meta-analysis of 13 RCTs (n = 14,539): combined B vitamins lower serum HcyCombined B-vitamin supplementation lowers vascular restenosis in CHD patientsExerts no significant impact on major CV events or mortalityHcy-lowering appears CHD-specific; broader CV benefits remain unproven. DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2026.2622208 PMCID: PMC12862861 PMID: 41615824 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Efficacy of Oral Vitamin B-12 at 1000 μg Compared with 2000 μg on Neuropathic Outcomes in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Low Serum Vitamin B-12: a Randomized Clinical Trial.

5. J Nutr. 2026 Mar;156(3):101368. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101368. Epub 2026 Jan 16. Efficacy of Oral Vitamin B-12 at 1000 μg Compared with 2000 μg on Neuropathic Outcomes in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Low Serum Vitamin B-12: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Mansour A(1), Amrollahi Bioky A(1), Gerami H(2), Khorasanian AS(3), Esmaeili AH(4), Fateh HR(5), Aghaei Meybodi HR(6), Mohajeri-Tehrani MR(1), Safyari R(7), Adibi H(8), Sajjadi-Jazi SM(9). Author information: (1)Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (2)Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. (3)Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (4)Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. (5)Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (6)Evidence Based Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (7)Department of Internal Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (8)Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (9)Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mahmood.sajadi@gmail.com. BACKGROUND: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Vitamin B-12 plays a critical role in nerve protection and regeneration. However, clinical evidence regarding the effectiveness and optimal dose of vitamin B-12 supplementation for managing DPN in individuals with low serum vitamin B-12 levels remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of 2 different daily doses of oral vitamin B-12 supplementation on neuropathic parameters in patients with DPN and low serum vitamin B-12. METHODS: This 16 wk, randomized controlled trial enrolled adults with T2DM, DPN, and low serum vitamin B12 levels (<200 pg/mL). Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either 1000 μg or 2000 μg of oral vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) daily. The primary outcomes were changes in neuropathic parameters, assessed by the numerical rating scale (NRS), Michigan neuropathy screening instrument examination (MNSIE), and neuropathy disability score (NDS). Secondary outcomes included serum B-12 levels and metabolic parameters. RESULTS: Of the 35 participants randomly assigned, 32 completed the 16-wk trial. Serum vitamin B-12 levels increased significantly in both groups, with a greater rise noted in the 2000 μg group (P = 0.049). Both the 1000 μg and 2000 μg groups experienced significant improvements in neuropathy symptoms. Mean ± SD NRS scores decreased from 7.00 ± 2.03 to 5.60 ± 2.19 (P = 0.016) in the 1000 μg group, and from 6.18 ± 2.40 to 4.42 ± 2.50 (P = 0.007) in the 2000 μg group. Similarly, MNSIE scores improved from 5.70 ± 1.66 to 5.22 ± 1.99 (P = 0.033) and from 5.40 ± 1.68 to 4.47 ± 2.25 (P = 0.022), respectively. No significant difference in these neuropathic outcomes was observed between groups. The NDS remained unchanged in both groups (P > 0.05). In addition, the 1000 μg dose was associated with significant improvements in hemoglobin A1c levels, whereas the 2000 μg dose was linked to a significant decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with DPN and low serum vitamin B-12 levels, 16 wk of daily supplementation with either 1000 μg or 2000 μg of vitamin B-12 similarly improves neuropathic symptoms. Apart from higher serum B-12 levels, the 2000 μg dose did not offer additional neuropathic or metabolic benefits. Copyright © 2026 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101368 PMID: 41548600 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Conflicts of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Improved HDL, LDL and total cholesterol levels following a 3-month administration of Mentha spicata leaf extract and Amaranthus caudatus seed flour extracts, flavonoids and B vitamins. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

6. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2026 Mar;36(3):104470. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104470. Epub 2025 Nov 14. Improved HDL, LDL and total cholesterol levels following a 3-month administration of Mentha spicata leaf extract and Amaranthus caudatus seed flour extracts, flavonoids and B vitamins. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Di Minno A(1), Morone MV(2), Cordara M(3), Buccato DG(2), De Lellis LF(2), Ullah H(4), Piccinocchi R(5), Larsen DS(6), Baldi A(2), Piccinocchi G(7), Xiao X(8), Sacchi R(9), Daglia M(10). Author information: (1)Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy. (2)Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy. (3)School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy. (4)School of Pharmacy, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan. Electronic address: hammadrph@gmail.com. (5)Anaesthesia and Resuscitation A. U. O. Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, 80138, Naples, Italy. (6)School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand. (7)Comegen S.C.S., Società Cooperativa Sociale, Viale Maria Bakunin 41, 80125, Naples, Italy. (8)School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China. (9)Applied Statistic Unit, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 24, 27100, Pavia, Italy. (10)Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China. Electronic address: maria.daglia@unina.it. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We have evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of two food supplements (FS) containing flavonoids (naringin and hesperidin); same doses of B3, B6, B9 and B12 vitamins, and two different doses of a blend of Mentha spicata leaf extract and Amaranthus caudatus seed flour, in subjects with borderline high total (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. METHODS AND RESULTS: 114 Participants (18-70 years) with TC levels 200-239 mg/dL, (5.18-6.19 mmol/L) and LDL-C (<159 mg/dL) were randomised into three groups to receive for 90 days the lowest (n = 38, Treatment A), the highest dose of the FS (n = 38 - Treatment B), or placebo (n = 38). Treatment B was associated with a significant reduction in LDL-C (∼31.5 mg/dL;-22%) and TC (∼19.5 mg/dL; -9%), along with an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The greater efficacy of Treatment B containing the highest dose of vegetable extracts is likely attributable to its higher M. spicata extract content, as judged by high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of the preparation. CONCLUSION: The combination of different FS ingredients with different mechanisms of action can be a valuable strategy for improving lipid profiles in subjects with borderline high TC and LDL-C levels. Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104470 PMID: 41519619 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Altered gut microbiome function in ADHD: More Prevotella, less vitamin B12 biosynthesis, and beneficial modulation by synbiotic treatment.

7. Brain Behav Immun. 2026 Mar;133:106259. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106259. Epub 2026 Jan 5. Altered gut microbiome function in ADHD: More Prevotella, less vitamin B12 biosynthesis, and beneficial modulation by synbiotic treatment. Stiernborg M(1), Yang LL(2), Skott E(3), Giacobini M(4), Melas PA(5), Debelius JW(6), Lavebratt C(7). Author information: (1)Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden. (2)Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Wuhan, China. (3)Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; PRIMA Child and Adult Psychiatry, Stockholm, Sweden. (4)Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; PRIMA Child and Adult Psychiatry, Stockholm, Sweden. (5)Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden. (6)Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. (7)Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: catharina.lavebratt@ki.se. The effect of psychostimulant medication in ADHD on the gut microbiome remains unknown. Oral Synbiotic 2000, comprising multiple lactic acid bacteria and dietary fibers, reduces psychiatric symptoms and plasma immune markers in ADHD, but its impact on the gut microbiome is unexplored. This study aimed to (i) study the fecal bacterial microbiome, focusing on species and bacterial gene modules, in ADHD patients and neurotypical controls, and (ii) examine microbiome changes attributable to Synbiotic 2000. Fecal samples were collected from 147 participants at baseline, and 106 completers at follow-up from a randomized placebo-controlled trial of Synbiotic 2000 conducted in children and adults with ADHD. At baseline, adult samples were compared to those of 52 adult controls, and patients on psychostimulants were compared to those not on psychostimulants in adults and children separately. The fecal microbiome was sequenced using shallow shotgun sequencing and analyzed for diversity and differential abundance using machine learning. Plasma short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and serum vitamin B12 levels were measured. At baseline, adult ADHD patients had significantly different abundances of four species compared to controls. In children, those on psychostimulants exhibited a higher abundance of species from the genus Prevotella, alongside a lower abundance of the vitamin B12-synthesis module, M00122, than those not on such medication. The lower M00122 abundance was associated with a looser stool consistency, implicating a shorter colonic transit time. Synbiotic 2000 did not affect taxonomic or functional α-diversity in adults or children. However, looser baseline stool consistency was linked to greater increases in evenness in the Synbiotic group over time. There was a significant Synbiotic-specific effect on taxonomic and functional β-diversity, not only the increased abundance of the Synbiotic 2000 species. Plasma levels of formic acid and propionic acid increased towards control levels in the Synbiotic group. In conclusion, distinct species were differently abundant in adults with ADHD compared to controls. The implications of the lower abundance of the vitamin B12-synthesis module, in children on psychostimulant medication, for the gut ecosystem and host intestine remain to be elucidated. Synbiotic 2000 influenced the taxonomy and functionality of the fecal microbiome and increased plasma SCFA levels towards normal. Further research is warranted to explore the clinical implications of microbiome modulation in the treatment of ADHD. Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106259 PMID: 41500324 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Single-blinded, stratified, dose ranging trial to assess pharmacokinetics and identify optimal dose of vitamin B12 in pregnancy in Tanzania.

8. Gates Open Res. 2025 Sep 17;8:95. doi: 10.12688/gatesopenres.15991.2. eCollection 2024. Single-blinded, stratified, dose ranging trial to assess pharmacokinetics and identify optimal dose of vitamin B12 in pregnancy in Tanzania. Lweno O(1), Reynolds VS(2), Barberio MD(3), Klatt KC(4), Mugusi S(5), Gopalakrishnan M(6), Lukmanji Z(1), Al-Beity FMA(7), Ahmadzia HK(8)(9), Arcot A(10), Gallagher K(11), Martin LA(10), Rahnavard A(12), Gernand AD(10), Langevin B(6), Masanja H(1), Smith ER(2)(3). Author information: (1)Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. (2)Department of Global Health, The Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, 20052, USA. (3)Department of Exercise and Nutrition Science, The Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, 20052, USA. (4)Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA. (5)Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. (6)Center for Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA. (7)Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. (8)Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, 20052, USA. (9)Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA. (10)Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA. (11)Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University - University Park Campus, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA. (12)Computational Biology Institute, Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, The Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, 20052, USA. BACKGROUND: Vitamin B12 is an essential cofactor for two enzymes that have critical functions in pregnancy, both for maternal health and fetal development. However, the optimal supplemental dosage and its correlation with vitamin B12 status during pregnancy remain inadequately understood due to limited data. METHODS: This is a single-blinded, stratified, dose-ranging trial of vitamin B12 supplementation that will be conducted at the Ifakara Health Institute Bagamoyo Clinical Trial Unit in Bagamoyo, Tanzania. We will enroll 40 pregnant participants (gestational age 25-28 weeks) and 10 non-pregnant participants, stratified based on baseline vitamin B12 status (sufficient and insufficient). Pregnant participants are sequentially assigned to one of three doses: 2.6, 10, and 50 µg for four weeks. At the highest dose, pregnant participants are randomized to receive 50 µg once a day (Q24H) or 25 µg twice a day (Q12H). The two lower doses (2.6 and 10 µg) are given Q24H. Non-pregnant participants will receive 2.6 µg Q24H. The trial includes a four week in-patient phase for daily assessment and controlled feeding, with pregnant participants assessed once postpartum. Primary endpoints include serum B12 concentrations, holotranscobalamin concentrations, and their ratio after four weeks of daily supplementation. DISCUSSION: This study aims to deepen our understanding of nutrient requirements in pregnancy by generating high-quality, high dimensional data. We will answer questions about how pre supplementation vitamin B12 status and dosage impact vitamin B12 saturable absorption and steady-state over the course of four weeks. Limitations include our inability to assess pharmacokinetic changes across gestation, the impact of vitamin B12 status or supplementation on pregnancy and fetal/newborn health, comparing vitamin B12 effects between pregnant and non-pregnant individuals above the recommended dietary allowance (2.6 µg), and comparing Q12H and Q24H dosing at 50 µg. This is the first controlled feeding study to be conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT05426395, 16/06/2022). Copyright: © 2025 Lweno O et al. DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.15991.2 PMCID: PMC12759048 PMID: 41488590 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: No competing interests were disclosed.

Nutritional status-dependent DNA methylation modifications on adipose tissue in systemic lupus erythematosus women following folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

9. Clin Epigenetics. 2026 Jan 3;18(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s13148-025-02041-5. Nutritional status-dependent DNA methylation modifications on adipose tissue in systemic lupus erythematosus women following folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. da Mota JCNL(1)(2), Carvalho LM(1)(2), Souza LL(1)(2), Ribeiro AA(1)(2), Pinhel MAS(3)(4), Nonino CB(4), Godoy AL(5), Borba EF(6), Hounkpe BW(6), Gualano B(1)(2)(6)(7), Nicoletti CF(8)(9)(10). Author information: (1)Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. (2)Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. (3)Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. (4)Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. (5)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology (IOT), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. (6)Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. (7)Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. (8)Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. carolina.nicoletti.ferreira@usp.br. (9)Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. carolina.nicoletti.ferreira@usp.br. (10)Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. carolina.nicoletti.ferreira@usp.br. BACKGROUND: DNA methylation plays an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis by regulating immune cell function and disease progression. Dietary factors, particularly methyl-donor micronutrients such as folic acid and vitamin B12, may influence DNA methylation patterns and autoimmune responses. However, their specific effects in SLE, especially in adipose tissue that is a key modulator of systemic inflammation, remain unclear. Given the high prevalence of obesity in SLE and its impact on disease severity, understanding the interaction between nutritional status, epigenetics, and immune dysregulation is crucial. This study examines whether folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation modulate adipose tissue DNA methylation in female SLE patients, considering their nutritional status, to uncover potential mechanisms influencing disease progression and therapeutic response. This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with premenopausal women with inactive SLE, classified as normal weight (NW, n = 23) or excess body weight (EBW, n = 27). Participants received daily supplementation of folic acid (400 mcg) and vitamin B12 (2000 mcg) or placebo for 12 weeks. Phenotypic characteristics and adipose tissue DNA methylation profiles were assessed before and after intervention using the Illumina EPIC BeadChip platform. RESULTS: Supplementation significantly increased serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in both groups (p < 0.05), with a greater rise observed in NW patients (p = 0.035). In the NW group, 120 differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCpGs) were identified post-intervention (74 hypermethylated and 46 hypomethylated sites). These genes were linked to autoimmunity, inflammatory metabolism, obesity, and metabolic health pathways. In contrast, no DMCpGs were detected in the EBW group, potentially due to obesity-related chronic inflammation or altered folic acid metabolism associated with excessive adipose tissue. CONCLUSION: Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation modulated DNA methylation in SLE depending on nutritional status. Epigenetic remodeling occurred exclusively in NW patients, whereas EBW patients showed no detectable changes. These findings suggest that obesity may create an "epigenetic resistance" to micronutrient interventions, highlighting the importance of precision nutrition strategies in autoimmune disease management. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05097365. © 2026. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1186/s13148-025-02041-5 PMCID: PMC12866419 PMID: 41484640 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil (CAAE: 47317521.8.0000.0068). Eligible patients were informed about all the details of the project and signed the Informed Consent Form. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Trial protocol: DOLFIN trial: Developmental Outcomes of Long-term Feed Supplementation in Neonates-A UK multicentre, blinded, stratified, randomised controlled trial.

10. Trials. 2025 Dec 29;26(1):592. doi: 10.1186/s13063-025-09253-3. Trial protocol: DOLFIN trial: Developmental Outcomes of Long-term Feed Supplementation in Neonates-A UK multicentre, blinded, stratified, randomised controlled trial. Andrew MJ(1)(2), Embleton N(3)(4), Hardy P(5), Johnson S(6), Juszczak E(7), Ledbury H(3), Pearson C(8), Rivero-Arias O(5), Francisco AA(5), Berrington J(4)(9), Bradley P(4), Bradley PJ(10), Cole C(5), Court K(3), Hurd M(5), King A(5), Linsell L(5), Murray D(5), O'Connor HM(5), Roehr CC(5), Stalker V(5), Stanbury K(5), Wahengbam UD(5), Welsh R(5), Wiles J(5), Parr JR(3)(4). Author information: (1)Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK. morag.andrew@newcastle.ac.uk. (2)Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. morag.andrew@newcastle.ac.uk. (3)Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK. (4)Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. (5)National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK. (6)Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. (7)Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. (8)Portsmouth Hospitals University National Health Service Trust, Portsmouth, UK. (9)Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. (10)Bliss, 1st Floor North, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK. BACKGROUND: Infants born extremely preterm (EP; < 28 weeks of gestation) or term born infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) have increased risk of long-term cognitive and learning deficits. Early supplementation with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (ARA), choline, uridine-5'-monophosphate (UMP), and cytidine-5'-monophosphate (CMP), zinc, iodine, and vitamin B12 may improve cognitive and language outcomes in these populations. METHODS: This multicentre, blinded, stratified, randomised controlled trial, including an economic evaluation, will investigate the impact of nutritional supplementation on cognitive development in infants born EP or term born infants with HIE. The planned sample size is 1010 (538 EP, and 472 HIE) infants from up to 40 National Health Service neonatal units in the UK. The trial patient populations are infants born EP (preterm stratum) and term infants (born at or more than 35 weeks of gestation) with HIE who received therapeutic hypothermia (HIE stratum). Patient strata were chosen to include infants at high risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes by virtue of EP birth, or HIE requiring therapeutic hypothermia. Infants are randomly assigned, in a 1:1 allocation ratio, to receive either the active supplement or a matched control, in addition to standard care. Families, clinical teams, investigators, and Clinical Trials Unit staff are blinded to allocation. Only the Senior Trials Programmer and Trial Statisticians have access to allocation information. The active supplement is a nutrient powder formulated to be mixed with breast milk, infant formula, or food, containing LCPUFAs (including DHA, EPA, and ARA), choline, UMP, CMP, zinc, iodine, and vitamin B12. Supplementation commences once infants achieve full milk feeds and continues until 12 months post-estimated date of delivery (EDD), with a daily dosage of 1 g per kilogram of body weight. The primary outcome is the Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised non-verbal cognitive scale at 24 months post-EDD. EP and HIE patient population comparisons have been appropriately powered and will be analysed separately. DISCUSSION: Findings from the DOLFIN trial will inform international neonatal and infant nutritional and feeding policy and practice. Learnings from the trial will inform the design and delivery of future neonatal nutritional intervention trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN62323236. Registered 16 May 2022, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN62323236 . © 2025. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1186/s13063-025-09253-3 PMCID: PMC12752120 PMID: 41462322 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate {24}: The DOLFIN trial has received approval from the MHRA and the NHS Health Research Authority (Ethics Ref: 22/SW/0009) and the South West–Central Bristol Research Ethics Committee. Informed consent will be obtained for all participants. Trust Confirmation of Capacity and Capability will be secured at each participating site. The CI or their delegate will submit the Annual Progress Report, End of Trial Notification, and Final Report to key stakeholders, including the Funder (NIHR HTA), MHRA, REC, HRA, host organisation, and Sponsor. Consent for publication {32}: Not applicable. This trial protocol does not involve the use of any personal details, images, videos, or other materials that would require consent from participants or their authorised surrogates. Competing interests {28}: PH is a member of the NIHR Health Technology Assessment Funding Committee (commissioning). NE declares research funding paid to his institution for NIHR portfolio adopted trials from Prolacta Biosciences US, Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, ELGAN pharma, and Neokare UK but did not receive personal fees. NE has received speaker’s honoraria from Nestle Nutrition Institute and for providing consultancy advice to legal firms involved in class action for necrotising enterocolitis in the US; these monies have been donated to charity. NE has provided non-remunerated advice to the WHO, ESPGHAN, and BAPM in the areas of human milk and nutrition for preterm infants. MA declares speaker honoraria from Nestle Nutrition Institute and ESPGHAN conference travel and accommodation costs for the presentation of the Dolphin RCT findings from Nutricia UK, and symposia speaker travel and accommodation costs from Danone Research and Innovation centre.

The Effect of Vitamin B-12 Supplementation During Pregnancy on Early Motor Performance: Secondary Analyses From a Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

11. J Nutr. 2026 Feb;156(2):101305. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101305. Epub 2025 Dec 27. The Effect of Vitamin B-12 Supplementation During Pregnancy on Early Motor Performance: Secondary Analyses From a Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Kvestad I(1), Ulak M(2), McCann A(3), Chandyo RK(4), Hysing M(5), Schwinger C(6), Ranjitkar S(7), Ueland PM(8), Basnet S(2), Strand TA(9). Author information: (1)Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway; Women's Clinic, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway. Electronic address: inkv@norceresearch.no. (2)Child Health Research Project, Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. (3)Women's Clinic, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway; Bevital AS, Bergen, Norway. (4)Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu. (5)Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. (6)Department of Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway. (7)Child Health Research Project, Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. (8)Bevital AS, Bergen, Norway. (9)Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway. BACKGROUND: In a recent double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Nepal, we found a negative effect of maternal vitamin B-12 supplementation during pregnancy on motor performance in their young infants. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to examine whether the negative effect of the vitamin B-12 supplementation on motor performance in these infants aged 8 to 12 wk differed by baseline maternal characteristics. METHODS: These are secondary analyses of an RCT where 800 pregnant women were randomly assigned to receive vitamin B-12 or placebo from early pregnancy to 6 mo postpartum. The outcome was motor development measured by the test of infant motor performance (TIMP) in 712 infants at age 8 to 12 wk. We examined whether plasma markers of baseline maternal vitamin B-12 status [cobalamin, total homocysteine (tHcy), methylmalonic acid (MMA), and cB12], folate and hemoglobin concentration, and socioeconomic status (SES) modified the effect of vitamin B-12 on the TIMP scores. The subgrouping variables were categorized according to predefined cutoffs and included as interaction terms in generalized linear models, with treatment group as the exposure and TIMP scores (continuous and categorical) as the outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, the negative effect of the vitamin B-12 supplementation was observed in most subgroups. Except for plasma folate concentration (P-interaction = 0.015), the maternal baseline characteristics did not significantly modify the effect of vitamin B-12 supplementation on the TIMP scores. There was a tendency for a stronger negative effect of vitamin B-12 among infants of women with adequate baseline vitamin B-12 status (i.e. concentrations of cobalamin >220, tHcy <10, MMA <0.26, and cB12 values >-0.5) and with folate concentration in the lower tertile. CONCLUSIONS: The negative effect of vitamin B-12 supplementation on infant motor performance cannot be explained by any subgroup specific effects. However, the effect appears to be more pronounced in mothers with adequate B-12 status. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03071666 (https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/study/NCT03071666). Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.101305 PMCID: PMC12975383 PMID: 41461260 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of interest The authors report no conflict of interest.

Effect of Maternal Vitamin B(12) Status and Supplementation on Child Neurodevelopment and Cognition: A Systematic Review.

12. Curr Nutr Rep. 2025 Dec 20;14(1):128. doi: 10.1007/s13668-025-00720-6. Effect of Maternal Vitamin B(12) Status and Supplementation on Child Neurodevelopment and Cognition: A Systematic Review. Bonifácio DB(1), Pena FB(1), Dias KA(1), Abrantes LCS(1), Oliveira LA(1), Pereira SMS(1), Fialho TC(1), de Lana VS(1), Araújo SP(1), de Carvalho IMM(1), Della Lucia CM(2). Author information: (1)Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n. Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil. (2)Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n. Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil. cmdellalucia@ufv.br. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to systematically evaluate clinical and observational studies that assessed the influence of maternal vitamin B12 supplementation and status on child neurodevelopment and cognition. Vitamin B12 plays an essential role in fetal neurodevelopment. However, to date, no study has focused on gathering conclusions about the effect of supplementation and maternal levels of vitamin B12 on neurodevelopment, focusing on child cognition. Therefore, the databases consulted included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. The PRISMA guideline was used to conduct and report the review, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (version 2) (RoB 2) for randomized controlled trials and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies - of interventions (ROBINS-I). The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42023476614. RECENT FINDINGS: Eleven studies were reviewed, including four randomized controlled trials and seven observational studies. The results demonstrated that maternal vitamin B12 supplementation has an impact on the cognitive and language domains in children up to 42 months of age. Observational studies have also reported an association between maternal vitamin B12 levels and overall neurodevelopment in children under two years of age. This systematic review highlights the importance of assessing maternal vitamin B12 levels during pregnancy, considering potential adverse effects on child neurodevelopment. Given the limited number of included studies, particularly clinical trials, further research is required to clarify the findings of this review. © 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. DOI: 10.1007/s13668-025-00720-6 PMID: 41420666 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Financial Support: This study was funded by Coordenacão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES – Code 001), by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), and by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Assessment of vitamin A, vitamin B(2), vitamin B(12), vitamin K, folate, and choline status following 4 months of multinutrient supplementation in healthy vegans: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

13. Eur J Nutr. 2025 Dec 19;65(1):9. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03814-7. Assessment of vitamin A, vitamin B(2), vitamin B(12), vitamin K, folate, and choline status following 4 months of multinutrient supplementation in healthy vegans: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Zerback T(1), Koeder C(2)(3), Weder S(1), Sputtek A(4), Eckert GP(5), Keller M(1). Author information: (1)Research Institute for Plant-Based Nutrition, 35444, Biebertal, Germany. (2)Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology (IPE), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. christiankoeder@gmail.com. (3)Research Institute for Plant-Based Nutrition, 35444, Biebertal, Germany. christiankoeder@gmail.com. (4)MVZ Medical Laboratory Bremen GmbH, 28359, Bremen, Germany. (5)Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany. PURPOSE: The aim of the MultiVeg study, a double-blind, randomised controlled trial (RCT), was to investigate the nutritional status of healthy vegans following 4 months of multinutrient supplementation. METHODS: A double-blind, RCT was conducted with 72 vegan adults (19-57 years) in Germany. Data on anthropometric parameters, dietary nutrient intake, and nutritional status were collected. The nutritional status of the participants was assessed at baseline and after 4 months. The results were compared between groups using ANCOVA. The results for vitamins and choline are presented here. RESULTS: After adjustment for baseline values, age, sex, and multiple testing, no significant between-group differences in biomarker concentration changes from baseline to 4 months were observed for vitamin A, retinol-binding protein, transthyretin, beta-carotene, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, choline, total osteocalcin, carboxylated and undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and folate. In contrast, significant between-group differences in changes were observed for flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), serum vitamin B12, holotranscobalamin, and the combined vitamin B12 status indicator (cB12) after adjustment. CONCLUSION: A multinutrient supplement containing 82 µg of vitamin B12 per day significantly positively affected vitamin B12 blood biomarkers in healthy vegans. REGISTRATION: This study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00028151). © 2025. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1007/s00394-025-03814-7 PMCID: PMC12717231 PMID: 41417236 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Conflict of interest: T.Z., S.W., C.K., A.S., and G.P.E. declare no conflict of interest. M.K. is the managing director of the Research Institute of Plant-Based Nutrition (IFPE) which received funding from Watson Nutrition for conducting the study. Ethical approval: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Giessen (57/22). Consent to participate: Written consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

The effectiveness and safety of the active form of folate on biochemical parameters in women of childbearing age: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

14. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Dec 12;104(50):e46564. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000046564. The effectiveness and safety of the active form of folate on biochemical parameters in women of childbearing age: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Xie M(1)(2)(3)(4), Qing X(1), Huang H(1), Zhang J(2)(3)(4). Author information: (1)Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Chengdu, China. (2)Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. (3)The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, China. (4)Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. BACKGROUND: Low folate levels in women of childbearing age can cause various health issues. Additionally, low perinatal folate concentrations are a significant cause of neural tube defects. Currently, folic acid supplements mainly consist of folic acid and the active form of folate. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the active form of folate in women of childbearing age. METHODS: We searched the published literature in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were obtained to assess the effects of the active form of folate versus folic acid in women of childbearing age. The random or fixed effects model was used to analyze the data in meta-analysis. The results were expressed as standardized mean differences or risk ratios along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Eleven RCTs were identified in our systematic review. The results indicated that the active form of folate supplementation might significantly increase plasma folate (P = .04), increase erythrocyte folate (P = .01), and decrease unmetabolized folic acid (P < .0001). Supplementation with the active form of folate might increase the subsequent pregnancy rates (P = .0005) and might decrease the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (P = .0003) in women with a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, there were no significant differences in homocysteine, vitamin B12, and betaine. In addition, subgroup analyses showed a significant increase in plasma folate and erythrocyte folate in the active form of folate supplementation group, specifically in subgroups with dosage ≥0.4 mg, intervention of the active form of folate supplementation versus the equimolar mass of folic acid, and intervention duration ≥12 weeks. CONCLUSION: Active form of folate supplementation might contribute to higher plasma folate, erythrocyte folate, and subsequent pregnancy rates, lower unmetabolized folic acid, and lower incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women of childbearing age. Due to the limitation in the quality of involved studies and the short duration of treatment, more RCTs with high-quality, long-term duration and pregnancy outcomes are needed for further validation. Copyright © 2025 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000046564 PMCID: PMC12708167 PMID: 41398893 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose.

Association between hemoglobin levels and mild cognitive impairment in generally healthy European community-dwelling older adults: a 3-year prospective analysis of the DO-HEALTH trial.

15. Am J Clin Nutr. 2026 Feb;123(2):101114. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.11.005. Epub 2025 Nov 13. Association between hemoglobin levels and mild cognitive impairment in generally healthy European community-dwelling older adults: a 3-year prospective analysis of the DO-HEALTH trial. Wieczorek M(1), Funk J(2), Mattle M(1), Gängler S(1), Egli A(1), Kressig RW(1), Manz MG(3), Bischoff-Ferrari HA(4); DO-HEALTH Research group. Author information: (1)Department of Geriatrics and Acute Aging Medicine Felix Platter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Campus for Healthy Longevity, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. (2)Department of Geriatrics and Acute Aging Medicine Felix Platter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. (3)Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. (4)Department of Geriatrics and Acute Aging Medicine Felix Platter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Campus for Healthy Longevity, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: HA.Bischoff-Ferrari@felixplatter.ch. BACKGROUND: Although numerous cross-sectional studies have examined the relationship between anemia and cognitive impairment or dementia in older adults, data from larger longitudinal studies, especially in generally healthy older adults, are limited. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the associations between baseline hemoglobin levels, anemia, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) over 3 y in generally healthy older adults. METHODS: This is an observational analysis of the 3-y DO-HEALTH trial, a double-blind, randomized controlled trial including 2157 European community-dwelling adults age 70+. Cognition was assessed at baseline, 12, 24, and 36 mo using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). MCI was defined as a MoCA score <26 at 2 consecutive time points. The exposures were the quintiles of hemoglobin levels and anemia at baseline. Logistic regression models based on generalized estimating equations controlled for age, sex, prior falls, study site, treatment allocation, body mass index, number of comorbidities, smoking status, use of iron supplements, alcohol consumption, renal function, and vitamin B12 levels. RESULTS: A total of 2150 participants were included in the analyses (mean age of 74.9 y; 61.7% females). Compared with the lowest quintile, participants in all higher quintiles had a significantly lower odds of MCI: 2nd = 34% lower odds of MCI [odds ratio (OR) = 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47, 0.93; P = 0.02], 3rd = 39% (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.86; P = 0.005), 4th = 44% (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.82; P = 0.003), and 5th = 36% (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.97; P = 0.03). For anemia, there was no association with the odds of MCI over time. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline hemoglobin levels >130 g/L were associated with reduced odds of MCI over 3 y. Although this study does not establish causality, it suggests further investigations in monitoring and managing hemoglobin levels, even in generally healthy older adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01745263. Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.11.005 PMID: 41241003 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of interest HAB-F reports financial support was provided by EMPIRIS Foundation. The other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article.

A smart nutrition system for vitamin B(12) deficiency management from sensing to precision intervention.

1. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2026 Jun 19:1-17. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2026.2688436. Online ahead of print. A smart nutrition system for vitamin B(12) deficiency management from sensing to precision intervention. Tang Y(1), Zheng X(1), Yan F(1). Author information: (1)College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agri-food Resources and High-value Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Vitamin B12 is essential for neural function, red blood cell formation, and DNA synthesis, yet its deficiency persists as a global health burden driving megaloblastic anemia, neuropathy, and cognitive decline. Effective prevention is constrained by the vitamin's susceptibility to degradation during processing, storage, and cooking, its intricate absorption physiology, and the failure of conventional diagnostic and supplementation strategies to address the diverse underlying causes of deficiency. This review introduces a closed-loop smart nutrition system that integrates monitoring, intelligent diagnosis, and precision supplementation to overcome these challenges, shifting B12 management from a generalized one size fits all model toward dynamic, personalized health interventions. We critically survey emerging sensors and wearable devices capable of frequent B12 status assessment, discuss the application of artificial intelligence for deficiency diagnosis and tailored dietary guidance, and examine advanced delivery platforms including

Valorization of fruit by-products: Vitamin B12 fortification in fruit pomace using a co-culture of propionic and lactic acid bacteria.

2. Int J Food Microbiol. 2026 Jun 15;459:111910. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111910. Online ahead of print. Valorization of fruit by-products: Vitamin B12 fortification in fruit pomace using a co-culture of propionic and lactic acid bacteria. Piwowarek K(1), Makowska Z(2), Kowalczyk M(3), Kern-Zdanowicz I(4), Ruzik L(5), Synowiec A(6). Author information: (1)Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: kamil_piwowarek@sggw.edu.pl. (2)Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: z.makowska60@gmail.com. (3)Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego St. 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: mk@ibb.waw.pl. (4)Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego St. 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: iza@ibb.waw.pl. (5)Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: lena.ruzik@pw.edu.pl. (6)Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: alicja_synowiec@sggw.edu.pl.

The Toxic Legacy of Recreational Nitrous Oxide Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multisystem Complications From Functional Vitamin B12 Deficiency.

3. Cureus. 2026 May 16;18(5):e108963. doi: 10.7759/cureus.108963. eCollection 2026 May. The Toxic Legacy of Recreational Nitrous Oxide Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multisystem Complications From Functional Vitamin B12 Deficiency. Tikaria R(1), Kapp A(2), Shook S(3), Wang L(4). Author information: (1)Internal Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA. (2)Internal Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, USA. (3)Internal Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, USA. (4)Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA. Recreational nitrous oxide (N2O) use has increased in recent years and is an increasingly recognized cause of functional vitamin B12 deficiency with associated neurological and systemic complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes published case reports and case series describing the clinical, biochemical, and neurodiagnostic features of N2O-induced B12 deficiency. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Embase using the terms "nitrous oxide" and "B12" identified 458 publications. After exclusion of non-English and inaccessible articles, 257 studies were included, comprising 462 individual case reports and 1,291 patients from aggregated case series. Data extracted included demographics, duration of N2O exposure, clinical presentation, laboratory values (hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum B12, me

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, Nutritional Factors, and Their Relationships With Homocysteine in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

4. J Nutr Metab. 2026 Jun 15;2026:7471621. doi: 10.1155/jnme/7471621. eCollection 2026. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, Nutritional Factors, and Their Relationships With Homocysteine in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Li HL(1), Chuang YM(2), Huang PJ(2), Chang PS(2). Author information: (1)Department of Nursing, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, eck.org.tw. (2)Department of Health and Leisure Management, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, ypu.edu.tw. Age-related renal function decline may contribute to other physiological alterations. This study aimed to examine the associations of kidney function, assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and nutritional factors with homocysteine levels in community-dwelling older adults. This cross-sectional study enrolled participants aged ≥ 65 years. Demographic characteristics were collected using questionnaires. Biochemical parameters, including homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B12, and metabolic disorder indicators, were measured, and eGFR was calculated and categorized into three groups. Homocysteine concentrations were significantly higher in the low and moderate eGFR groups compared with the high eGFR group (median: 16.9 vs. 11.9 vs. 9.3 μM, p < 0.01). Regression analyses indicated that each 1-unit decrease in eGFR was associated with higher homocysteine (β = -0.13, p < 0.01). Conversely, higher folic acid (β = -0.29, p < 0.01) and vitamin B12 (β = 

A cooperative cobalamide biosynthesis guild in the endosphere of the edible aquatic plant Wolffia globosa Mankai.

5. Environ Microbiome. 2026 Jun 16. doi: 10.1186/s40793-026-00917-4. Online ahead of print. A cooperative cobalamide biosynthesis guild in the endosphere of the edible aquatic plant Wolffia globosa Mankai. Dutta R(#)(1), Obayomi O(#)(1)(2), Yosef AF(1), Ghazaryan L(1), Chalifa-Caspi V(3), Lapidot M(4), Gillor O(5). Author information: (1)Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 8499000, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. (2)Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, Stephenville, TX, 76401, USA. (3)Bioinformatics Core Facility, Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel. (4)Research and Development Department, Hinoman Ltd., Kibbutz Be'eri, Israel. (5)Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 8499000, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. gilloro@bgu.ac.il. (#)Contributed equally BACKGROUND: Cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) is synthesized only by certain bacteria and archaea and is rarely found in plant-derived foods because plants neither synthesize nor require this cofactor. The edible duckweed Wolffia globosa Mankai is unusual in containing bioavailable cobalamin, suggesting a microbial origin. However, how cobalamin biosynthetic capacity is organized within angiosperm-associated microbiomes remains large

Causal link between folic acid and recurrent aphthous ulcers: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

6. Medicine (Baltimore). 2026 Jun 12;105(24):e49125. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000049125. Causal link between folic acid and recurrent aphthous ulcers: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Gao T(1)(2), Chen T(3), Xu Y(2), He L(1), Hou Y(1), Gong M(1)(2). Author information: (1)Department of Oncology, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiujiang, Jiujiang, China. (2)Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China. (3)Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China. Observational studies have suggested associations between micronutrient status and recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU); however, the causal nature of these relationships remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the genetically predicted associations between circulating micronutrients and RAU using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. We conducted a two-sample MR analysis using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from individuals of European ancestry. Genetic instruments for 15 micronutrients, including folic acid, zinc, and vitamin B12, were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS database, while RAU outcome data (5394 cases) were derived from the FinnGen consortium. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis, complemented by weighted median, MR-Egger, and sensitivity analyses to assess heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. The IVW analysis indicated a nominally significant association between genetically predicted

Advancements in fire-related toxic gas detection and prophylactic strategies: A focus on cyanide concentration analysis and antidote efficacy in controlled smoke inhalation models.

7. PLoS One. 2026 Jun 15;21(6):e0333779. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0333779. eCollection 2026. Advancements in fire-related toxic gas detection and prophylactic strategies: A focus on cyanide concentration analysis and antidote efficacy in controlled smoke inhalation models. Tani J(1)(2), Chen JL(3), Liao WC(3)(4), Chen CH(3), Wang CH(3), Sun TH(3), Shiue YL(4)(5), Tsai JW(6). Author information: (1)Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University‌‌, Taipei, Taiwan. (2)Department of Neurology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei‌‌, Taiwan. (3)Original Biomedicals Co., Ltd., Southern Taiwan Science Park, Tainan, Taiwan. (4)Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University‌‌, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. (5)Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. (6)Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. Fire smoke inhalation represents a major cause of acute mortality in fire incidents, with hydrogen cyanide being a critical contributor to rapid systemic toxicity. This study aimed to establish a controlled smoke inhalation model to characterize cyanide-dominant exposure and to evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of a nebulized antidote combination under acute conditions. A reproducible smoke chamber system was developed to generate cyanide-rich toxic atmospheres. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to controlled

A 17 Year Old With Developmental Delay Presenting With Increasing Confusion and Imbalance.

8. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2026 Jun 15. doi: 10.1002/acn3.70436. Online ahead of print. A 17 Year Old With Developmental Delay Presenting With Increasing Confusion and Imbalance. Zhao W(1), Zhang Y(2), Zheng H(1). Author information: (1)Neurology Department, Ji'ao Brain Hospital of Siping, Siping, Jilin Province, China. (2)Neurology Department, Panjin Central Hospital, Panjin, Liaoning Province, China. Methylmalonic acidemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder primarily caused by defects in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and cobalamin (vitamin B12) metabolism. These defects disrupt the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, leading to the abnormal accumulation of metabolic products such as methylmalonic acid, propionic acid, and methylcitric acid. This accumulation results in damage to multiple systems, including the nervous, hepatic, and renal systems. Tethered cord syndrome results from pathological spinal cord traction due to congenital/acquired factors, causing conus medullaris malposition, neuronal degeneration, and progressive sensorimotor deficits. This report details a diagnostically complex case highlighting an unusual clinical intersection between these two conditions. © 2026 The Author(s). Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Neurological Association. DOI: 10.1002/acn3.70436 PMID: 42294815

Substrate Specificity of B12-Depedent Ribonucleotide Reductases: Biotechnology and Metabolic Implications.

9. Chembiochem. 2026 Jun 15;27(11):e202500344. doi: 10.1002/cbic.202500344. Substrate Specificity of B12-Depedent Ribonucleotide Reductases: Biotechnology and Metabolic Implications. Eltoukhy L(1), Loderer C(1). Author information: (1)Nucleotide Biotechnology Group, Chair of Molecular Biotechnology, Dresden, Germany. Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze one of the central biochemical reactions, giving rise to deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. Due to their importance in cellular metabolism, this class of enzymes has been extensively studied over five decades. One aspect that has been neglected so far is the substrate specificity in terms of noncanonical nucleotides. While some of these compounds are physiologically relevant, many non-natural nucleotides are important in medical science, biotechnology and synthetic biology. In this study, we investigated the substrate specificity of two thermostable RNRs for a broad range of natural and non-natural nucleotides, in order to define the substrate promiscuity of this class of enzymes. Both enzymes were capable of converting all canonical nucleotides and a variety of other nucleotides. Generally, the enzymes were more likely to convert substrates with modifications of already existing functional groups of the nucleobase core structure. Our results show the potential and limitations for the biotechnological application of RNRs. In addition, they improve our understanding of the natural nucleot

Targeted Micronutrient Supplementation in Diabetic Retinopathy With MTHFR Polymorphisms: Biomarker Shifts and Clinical Uncertainty.

10. Cell Biochem Funct. 2026 Jun;44(6):e70243. doi: 10.1002/cbf.70243. Targeted Micronutrient Supplementation in Diabetic Retinopathy With MTHFR Polymorphisms: Biomarker Shifts and Clinical Uncertainty. Msa M(1). Author information: (1)MSAM Clinic, Bredstedt, Germany. Disturbances in one-carbon metabolism, endothelial signaling, oxidative stress, and coagulation balance are central features of diabetes-associated microvascular disease, and targeted micronutrient supplementation-including L-methylfolate, methylcobalamin, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, antioxidants, and thiol donors-may modulate homocysteine remethylation, endothelial function, and angiogenic signaling. In a 6-month pilot study of ten patients with type 2 diabetes, mild diabetic retinopathy, and MTHFR polymorphisms, micronutrient supplementation was associated with a 23% reduction in serum homocysteine, a 47% decrease in plasma VEGF, and a 15% increase in D-dimer, biomarker shifts that are mechanistically consistent with modulation of homocysteine metabolism, oxidative stress, endothelial signaling, and fibrin turnover. Interpretation of these findings is limited by the small sample size, absence of a control group, lack of functional vascular or imaging endpoints, and incomplete coagulation assessment, as D-dimer elevations alone cannot distinguish enhanced fibrin clearance from increased thrombotic risk. While homocysteine-lowering effects were biochemically evident, they should be contextualized

Oral vitamin B₁₂ after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: mapping the evidence.

11. Gastric Cancer. 2026 Jun 13. doi: 10.1007/s10120-026-01745-8. Online ahead of print. Oral vitamin B₁₂ after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: mapping the evidence. Rogaczewski P(1), Janiak M(1), Durślewicz J(2)(3), Koper K(1)(4), Borowczak J(4)(5). Author information: (1)Department of Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland. (2)Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Oncology Centre, Bydgoszcz, Poland. justyna.durslewicz@pbs.edu.pl. (3)Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland. justyna.durslewicz@pbs.edu.pl. (4)Clinical Department of Oncology, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Oncology Centre, Bydgoszcz, Poland. (5)Faculty of Medicine, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland. BACKGROUND: Patients who undergo total gastrectomy lose the ability to produce intrinsic factor and require lifelong supplementation to prevent vitamin B12 deficiency. While oral B12 has emerged as a potential alternative to parenteral therapy, data remain limited, and most clinicians still favor intramuscular injections. This scoping review aimed to map the current evidence on the efficacy, safety, and implementation of oral vitamin B12 supplementation in patients after total gastrectomy for gastric canc

Heterozygous MMACHC burden variants are associated with higher circulating vitamin B12 in the All of Us Research Program.

12. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2026 Jun 4:2026.06.03.26354855. doi: 10.64898/2026.06.03.26354855. Heterozygous MMACHC burden variants are associated with higher circulating vitamin B12 in the All of Us Research Program. Cai L, DeBerardinis RJ. Heterozygous carriers of autosomal recessive disease variants are conventionally considered unaffected, yet population-scale genomic datasets reveal subclinical carrier phenotypes. MMACHC encodes a cobalamin-processing protein whose biallelic loss causes cobalamin C deficiency, an inborn error of intracellular cobalamin metabolism. We performed an unbiased quantitative phenome-wide association screen in All of Us Research Program v8 to identify phenotypes associated with rare heterozygous MMACHC burden variants. Serum/plasma vitamin B12 was the top quantitative association. Carriers had higher circulating B12 than non-carriers in adjusted analyses, but also higher homocysteine, suggesting that elevated circulating B12 does not reflect improved intracellular cobalamin function. Carriers were less likely to fall below conventional B12 insufficiency thresholds, indicating a potential diagnostic blind spot. A pathway-wide rare-variant gene-burden (All-by-All) gene-burden analysis placed this finding in broader biological context. Burdens in genes related to circulating B12 binding or intestinal absorption were associated with lower circulating B12. In contrast, burdens in several genes involved in cellular delivery and intrace

Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Changes Induced by High-Fat Diet and Methyl Donor Supplementation in Female Lupus Models: An Exploratory Study.

13. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2026 Jun;70(11):e70512. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.70512. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Changes Induced by High-Fat Diet and Methyl Donor Supplementation in Female Lupus Models: An Exploratory Study. Ribeiro AA(1)(2), Carvalho LM(1)(2), da Mota JCNL(1)(2), Souza LL(1)(2), Pinhel MAS(3)(4), Nonino CB(4), Hounkpe BW(5), Teodoro WPR(5), Costa-Fraga N(6), Izquierdo AG(7)(8), Diaz-Lagares A(6), Crujeiras AB(7)(8), Nicoletti CF(1)(2)(5). Author information: (1)Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group - School of Physical Education and Sport and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade De Sao Paulo, Brazil. (2)Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade De Sao Paulo, Brazil. (3)Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil. (4)Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil. (5)Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade De São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. (6)Epigenomics Unit, Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET); Clinical University Hospital & Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela. CIBERONC, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. (7)Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Cl

Differences and Correlations in Nutrient Intake and Hematological Markers Between Iron-Deficient and Non-Iron-Deficient Female Basketball Players: A Preliminary Study.

14. Nutrients. 2026 May 27;18(11):1718. doi: 10.3390/nu18111718. Differences and Correlations in Nutrient Intake and Hematological Markers Between Iron-Deficient and Non-Iron-Deficient Female Basketball Players: A Preliminary Study. Piotrowska K(1), Adamczewski J(1), Podgórski T(2), Szymocha M(1), Durkalec-Michalski K(1)(3). Author information: (1)Department of Sports Dietetics, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland. (2)Department of Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland. (3)Polish Society of Nutritional Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Iron deficiency (ID) can occur before anemia and may impair performance, recovery, and hematological function, particularly in athletes. Female basketball players may be especially vulnerable due to high training demands and sex-specific iron losses. Therefore, this study aimed to compare nutrient intake and hematological and iron status biomarkers between ID and non-ID female basketball players, and to examine diet-biomarker correlations. METHODS: Twenty-four female basketball players completed the study. Athletes were stratified by ferritin, with ID defined as <30 μg/L, resulting in 12 athletes per group. Dietary intake was assessed using a 48 h food record. Energy, macronutrients, fiber, iron, calcium, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin C intakes were analyzed. Blood biomarkers included red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocri

Maternal Methyl-Group Donor Intake and Neonatal Birth Size in Singleton IVF Pregnancies.

15. Nutrients. 2026 May 26;18(11):1693. doi: 10.3390/nu18111693. Maternal Methyl-Group Donor Intake and Neonatal Birth Size in Singleton IVF Pregnancies. Bokor S(1)(2)(3), Felső R(1)(2)(4), Csölle I(1)(2)(5), Oláh T(1), Szabó N(1), Herczeg R(4), Gyenesei A(4), Vass RA(2)(6), Funke S(2)(6), Ertl T(2)(6), Molnár D(1)(2)(3). Author information: (1)Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary. (2)National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary. (3)Molecular Medicine Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary. (4)Hungarian Centre of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary. (5)Cochrane Hungary, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary. (6)Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary. Background/Objectives: Maternal intake of methyl-group donors (MGD) during pregnancy may influence fetal development, yet its role in in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate maternal intake of MGDs during late pregnancy and its association with neonatal outcomes in IVF versus spontaneously (S) conceived pregnancies. Methods: We assessed third-trimester, daily maternal intake of MGD (folate, betaine, choline, methionine, and folic acid) using a validated food-frequency questionna

Inflammation and micronutrient status of children and adolescents in 12 countries are only weakly associated: the BRINDA Project.

1. J Nutr. 2026 Aug 17:101783. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101783. Online ahead of print. Inflammation and micronutrient status of children and adolescents in 12 countries are only weakly associated: the BRINDA Project. Geng J(1), Zeiler M(1), Werner ER(1), Wang Y(1), Ko YA(2), Suchdev PS(3), Addo OY(4), Luo H(1), Bhutta ZA(5), Rohner F(6), Wieringa F(7), Young MF(8); BRINDA Workgroup. Author information: (1)Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. (2)Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. (3)Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. (4)Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. (5)Center of Excellence in Women & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. (6)GroundWork, Fläsch, Switzerland. (7)French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Montpellier, France. (8)Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: melissa.young@emory.edu. BACKG

Phycosphere microbiome contributes to ecological dominance of diatoms: a comparative study of Cyclotella atomus and Ulnaria ulna.

2. ISME Commun. 2026 Jul 23;6(1):ycag211. doi: 10.1093/ismeco/ycag211. eCollection 2026 Jan. Phycosphere microbiome contributes to ecological dominance of diatoms: a comparative study of Cyclotella atomus and Ulnaria ulna. Song G(1), Cheng F(1), Qiao Z(1), Ge F(1), Bi Y(1). Author information: (1)Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China. Diatoms play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems, yet the mechanisms underlying their long-term dominance remain poorly understood. This study investigated the relationship between diatom ecological persistence and their phycosphere bacterial communities by comparing the long-term dominant species Cyclotella atomus with the short-term dominant species Ulnaria ulna. 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with predictive functional profiling revealed that the bacterial community associated with C. atomus was more diverse, stable, and interconnected than that associated with U. ulna. Taxonomic analysis identified key bacterial taxa such as Gemmatimonas, Sphingobium, and Pseudorhodoferax enriched in C. atomus. Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated higher microbial interaction complexity in C. atomus, enhancing functional redundancy and ecosystem stability. Functional predictions indicated significant enrichment in carbohydrate metabolism (glycosaminoglycan degradation, pentose/glucose interconversion) and stress response pathways (betaine biosynthesis, xenobiotic metabolism by cytoc

Assessment of blood cobalt levels and safety of long-term hydroxocobalamin therapy in patients with cblC defect.

3. Front Nutr. 2026 Jul 30;13:1843743. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1843743. eCollection 2026. Assessment of blood cobalt levels and safety of long-term hydroxocobalamin therapy in patients with cblC defect. Hao L(#)(1), Ding Y(#)(1), Deng Y(1), Chen T(1), Zhan X(1), Xu F(1), Zhi H(1), Zhang K(1), Yang Y(1), Wang R(1), Sun Y(1), Han L(1). Author information: (1)Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. (#)Contributed equally BACKGROUND: Hydroxocobalamin (OHCbl), the most effective form of vitamin B12 containing cobalt (Co) as its core component, is the mainstay therapy for cobalamin C (cblC) defect, yet long-term Co exposure and safety signals remain incompletely characterized. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 379 cblC patients receiving OHCbl therapy. Among them, 270 had prognostic data and 99 had laboratory and Co measurements. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were evaluated using the Naranjo scale. Regression models identified determinants of Co levels and associations of OHCbl dosage, treatment duration, and Co concentration with routine laboratory parameters, potential ADRs and prognosis. RESULTS: Median treatment duration was 76.70 months and median OHCbl dosage was 1.07 mg/kg/week; Median blood Co concentration was 22.53 μg/L. Although 53.54% of patients having Co >20.00 μg/L, no severe Co toxicity was observed

Protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on the effects of high-dose vitamin B multivitamin supplementation with and without Passiflora incarnata on neural connectivity and oxidative metabolism in healthy adults.

4. BMJ Open. 2026 Aug 13;16(8):e116925. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2026-116925. Protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on the effects of high-dose vitamin B multivitamin supplementation with and without Passiflora incarnata on neural connectivity and oxidative metabolism in healthy adults. Yeong CH(1), Wong YH(2)(3), Lim SY(2)(3), Tan BK(3)(4), Seerangam S(3)(4), Chinna K(5), Ramli N(6), Rahmat K(6), Nawawi O(6), Tan LK(6), Che Ahmad A(6), Stajic V(7), Tay JP(8). Author information: (1)School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia chaihong.yeong@taylors.edu.my. (2)School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia. (3)Digital Health and Medical Advancement Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia. (4)School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia. (5)Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (6)Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (7)Executive Brain Mastery, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. (8)Blackmores Institute, Warriewood, New South Wales, Australia. INTRODUCTION: B-vitamins and herbal supplements such as Passiflora incarnata have demonstrated potential benefits for cognitive and neurological functions. This study aims to evaluate the

Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency in children.

5. Front Nutr. 2026 Jul 29;13:1883501. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1883501. eCollection 2026. Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency in children. Kanvinde P(1), Khurana R(1), Mudaliar S(1). Author information: (1)Department of Paediatric Hematology-Oncology, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India. Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common yet frequently underrecognized nutritional disorder with important public health implications, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where maternal deficiency, vegetarian dietary practices, and food insecurity are prevalent. In children, deficiency may lead to irreversible neurodevelopmental impairment, growth failure, and hematological abnormalities, making early recognition essential. The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic biochemical deficiency and isolated macrocytic anemia to developmental regression, seizures, movement disorders, peripheral neuropathy, and pancytopenia, with neurological manifestations often preceding hematological changes. Diagnosis requires integration of clinical features with laboratory evaluation, including complete blood count, peripheral smear, serum vitamin B12 estimation, and functional biomarkers such as methylmalonic acid and homocysteine, which improve diagnostic accuracy in borderline or atypical cases. Molecular testing has expanded the identification of inherited disorders affecting vitamin B12 absorption and metabolism, enabling timely lifelong manag

The Effects of Neurotropic B Vitamins, Vitamin D3, and Alpha-Lipoic Acid in In Vitro Models of Neurodegeneration.

6. Nutrients. 2026 Aug 5;18(15):2555. doi: 10.3390/nu18152555. The Effects of Neurotropic B Vitamins, Vitamin D3, and Alpha-Lipoic Acid in In Vitro Models of Neurodegeneration. Viel C(1), Shi Y(2)(3), Trueman RP(2), Ruiz AJ(2), Rayner MLD(2)(3). Author information: (1)German Innovation Center, P&G Health Germany GmbH, Sulzbacher Straße 40, 65824 Schwalbach am Taunus, Germany. (2)Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK. (3)UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK. BACKGROUND: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is one of the most common disorders of the peripheral nervous system, affecting around 10% of the general adult population. PN results in pain, paraesthesia, and sensory loss, negatively impacting patients' quality of life. The condition is characterised by damage to peripheral nerves and is often linked to risk factors, among which diabetes is the most common cause. The incidence rate of patients suffering from PN has significantly increased in the last three decades, yet there are currently no pharmacological treatments to reverse or prevent the development of PN. Therefore, neurotropic B vitamins, specifically vitamins B1, B6, and B12, which are essential for protecting nerves from damage, nerve regeneration, and maintaining nerve health, are promising treatment options. Other biofactors with therapeutic potential a

Cobalamin-autonomous Trichlorobacter facilitates robust In situ bioremediation of halogenated solvents.

7. J Hazard Mater. 2026 Jul 20;515:143046. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.143046. Online ahead of print. Cobalamin-autonomous Trichlorobacter facilitates robust In situ bioremediation of halogenated solvents. Wang X(1), Liao H(1), Wang X(2), Wang Y(3), Li D(4), Ma H(5), Yang J(1), Qian X(6), Wang H(6), Li Q(7), Xiu Z(8), Yang Y(9). Author information: (1)Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. (2)Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA. (3)School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 100016, China. (4)State Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity and Innovative Utilization, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. (5)University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity and Innovative Utilization, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. (6)Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China. (7)School of Environmental and Geographic Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China. (8)Zhejiang Key Laborato

EXPRESS: Prevalence and clinical relevance of hypocobalaminaemia and hypercobalaminaemia in cats.

8. J Feline Med Surg. 2026 Aug 11:1098612X261478796. doi: 10.1177/1098612X261478796. Online ahead of print. EXPRESS: Prevalence and clinical relevance of hypocobalaminaemia and hypercobalaminaemia in cats. Casas C(1)(2), Dye C(1). Author information: (1)Pride Veterinary Referrals, Derby, UK. (2)Dovecote Veterinary Referrals, Castle Donington, Derby, UK. ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of hypo- and hypercobalaminemia in a cohort of cats with diverse disease pathologies and to assess associations with signalment and disease characteristics.MethodsResidual blood from cats presented to a large veterinary referral hospital during a 24-month period was used for serum B12 quantification. All cats requiring blood collection as part of diagnostic investigations were eligible for inclusion regardless of clinical presentation. Serum B12 concentration was assessed according to signalment, body weight, body condition score, primary affected body system and type of disease pathology as derived from the clinical notes.ResultsA total of 229 cats were enrolled: 128 male (119 neutered, 9 entire) and 101 female (88 neutered, 13 entire). Of these, 176 were domestic shorthair or longhair, and 53 were purebred. The median age was 9.9 years and median body weight 4.1 kg. Of the 229 cats, 80 (34.9%) had high, 86 (37.6%) normal, 18 (7.9%) borderline, and 45 (19.7%) low serum B12. Median serum B12 concentration was higher in cats aged <8.0 years than ≥8.0 years, and there w

Micronutrient deficiencies in ambulatory adults with cirrhosis.

9. Hepatol Commun. 2026 Aug 11;10(9):e1032. doi: 10.1097/HC9.0000000000001032. eCollection 2026 Sep 1. Micronutrient deficiencies in ambulatory adults with cirrhosis. Wang M(1), Pariani K(1), Barry F(1), Kent D(1), Seetharaman S(1), Catalli L(2), Lai JC(1). Author information: (1)Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. (2)School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. BACKGROUND: Despite the well-established relationship between micronutrient deficiencies and cirrhosis, little is known of micronutrient deficiencies among ambulatory patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplant (LT). We aimed to characterize micronutrient deficiencies among patients with cirrhosis awaiting LT and assess their association with frailty, a complication with high morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Ambulatory adult patients with cirrhosis awaiting LT from June 2024 to March 2025 were tested for micronutrient deficiencies in clinical practice. Multivariable modeling was used to assess the association between frailty and micronutrient deficiencies. RESULTS: Of 275 patients, the median (IQR) age was 60 (51-66) years and 114 (42%) were women. Median MELD 3.0 (IQR) was 17 (12-22), and 64 (23%) were frail. Micronutrient deficiencies were common, especially of zinc, vitamin D/E/B12, and selenium. Compared to patients who were not frail, frail patients were

Coordinated use of three homocysteine methyltransferases supports l-methionine biosynthesis and environmental adaptation among plant-associated bacteria.

10. Microbiol Res. 2026 Aug 7;313:128659. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2026.128659. Online ahead of print. Coordinated use of three homocysteine methyltransferases supports l-methionine biosynthesis and environmental adaptation among plant-associated bacteria. Cui Y(1), Song K(2), Li L(1), Tian DL(3), Gu YC(4), Chan KG(5), Xiao ZP(6), Han JR(7), Zhou L(8), He YW(9). Author information: (1)State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. (2)State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. Electronic address: jdsk@sjtu.edu.cn. (3)Syngenta Group Co., Ltd, Bochenglu 567, Shanghai 201201, China. (4)Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research center, Berkshire RE42 6EY, UK. (5)Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. (6)Inner Mongolia Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Hohhot 010010, China. (7)Chifeng Qiyi Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, China. (8)Zhiyuan Innovative Research Center, Student Innovation Center, Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. Electronic address: lianzhou@sjtu.edu.cn.

High Dose Vitamin B6 Reduces Depression Symptoms.

11. Depress Anxiety. 2026 Aug 7;2026:8926512. doi: 10.1155/da/8926512. eCollection 2026. High Dose Vitamin B6 Reduces Depression Symptoms. Field DT(1), Cracknell R(1), Biagi N(1). Author information: (1)School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, UK, reading.ac.uk. BACKGROUND: Several lines of evidence suggest that vitamin B6 has potential as an antidepressant. It plays a crucial coenzyme role in the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine, which are central to mood regulation, and it has been shown that increasing availably of vitamin B6 above normal levels increases concentrations of serotonin and GABA. Furthermore, epidemiological evidence points to vitamin B6 deficiency as a risk factor for depression, and to high vitamin B6 levels as protective. Therefore, we asked whether taking 100 mg vitamin B6 as pyridoxine daily for 1 month would reduce depression symptoms, measured with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS) questionnaire, which also assesses anxiety and stress. METHODS: We recruited 267 participants from the general population (215 female) and double blind randomised them to receive either placebo, vitamin B6 or vitamin B12 (1000 µg). Using baseline DASS scores, we divided participants into a group classified as having mild or more severe depression symptoms at baseline (N = 58) and a larger group classified as non-depressed. RESUL

Vitamin B(12) alleviates spliceosomopathy via phospholipid remodeling.

12. Nat Commun. 2026 Aug 7;17(1):8011. doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-76295-9. Vitamin B(12) alleviates spliceosomopathy via phospholipid remodeling. Kölschbach J(1), Dafsari HS(1)(2)(3)(4), Baum E(1)(2)(3)(4), Löhrke A(1), Kew C(5)(6), Dikic I(5)(6), Huang W(7)(8), Antebi A(9)(10). Author information: (1)Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany. (2)Cologne Excellence Cluster on Aging and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. (3)Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. (4)Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. (5)Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. (6)Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. (7)Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany. whuang@age.mpg.de. (8)Institute of Clinical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. whuang@age.mpg.de. (9)Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany. aantebi@age.mpg.de. (10)Cologne Excellence Cluster on Aging and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. aantebi@age.mpg.de. Update of Res Sq. 2025 Nov 17:rs.3.rs-8077579. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8077579/v1. mRNA splicing represents a fundamental level of gene r

Metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency: A prevalence study.

13. Endocr Pract. 2026 Aug 7:S1530-891X(26)01093-1. doi: 10.1016/j.eprac.2026.08.001. Online ahead of print. Metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency: A prevalence study. Laugesen K(1), Abildgaard AM(2), Hoffmann-Lücke E(2), Madsen LR(3), Parkner T(2), Knudsen ST(4). Author information: (1)Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Olof Palmes Allé 43-45, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address: Kristina.laugesen@clin.au.dk. (2)Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark. (3)Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Internal Medicine, Gødstrup Hospital, Hospitalsparken 15, 7400 Herning, Denmark; Danish Diabetes and Endocrine Academy, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense, Denmark. (4)Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark. OBJECTIVES: Guidelines recommend routine biochemical s

Gut microbiota in anemia: mechanistic insights into iron metabolism, vitamin synthesis, and immune regulation.

14. Front Immunol. 2026 Jul 23;17:1900845. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1900845. eCollection 2026. Gut microbiota in anemia: mechanistic insights into iron metabolism, vitamin synthesis, and immune regulation. Xu L(1), Gao Y(2), Li Y(1), Wang Z(1). Author information: (1)Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, China. (2)Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China. The gut microbiota, as a vital micro-ecological system within the human body, plays a crucial role in regulating diverse physiological functions. Recent research has increasingly demonstrated its close association with the occurrence and progression of anemia. This review summarizes current understanding of how the gut microbiota influences iron metabolism, vitamin synthesis-particularly vitamin B12-and immune modulation, all of which are key factors in the pathogenesis of anemia. We explore the mechanisms by which dysbiosis of the gut microbiota contributes to anemia development, including disruptions in nutrient absorption and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we analyze recent clinical studies that investigate the relationship between gut microbiota alterations and different anemia subtypes. By integrating the latest basic and clinical research findings, this review aims to provide a comprehensiv

Vitamin B12 combined with methylene blue alleviates experimental septic shock and is associated with modulation of KCNMB1 and the cGMP-PRKG pathway.

15. PLoS One. 2026 Aug 6;21(8):e0355117. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0355117. eCollection 2026. Vitamin B12 combined with methylene blue alleviates experimental septic shock and is associated with modulation of KCNMB1 and the cGMP-PRKG pathway. Shan K(1), Zhao J(1), Tang K(1), Lei Y(1), Mao F(1). Author information: (1)Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China. BACKGROUND: Septic shock is characterized by severe circulatory failure, microvascular dysfunction, and metabolic derangement. Methylene blue (MB) and vitamin B12 (VB12) have each shown potential benefit in vasodilatory shock, but the biological effects of their combined use remain unclear. METHODS: A rat model of LPS-induced septic shock was used to evaluate the effects of combined MB and VB12 pretreatment. Transcriptomic analysis of carotid artery tissue was performed to identify treatment-responsive genes and pathways. Expression of KCNMB1, PRKG1, and PRKG2 was assessed by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and RT-qPCR. Hemodynamic parameters, circulating injury markers, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress indices, and histological changes in major organs were also evaluated. RESULTS: Combined MB and VB12 treatment was associated with lower expression of KCNMB1, PRKG1, and PRKG2 and reduced cGMP levels compared with the model group. The combined treatment also partially improved hemodynamic abnormalities, reduced

Predictors of Vitamin B-12 Status in Pregnant Chilean Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of the Chilean Maternal and Infant Cohort Study-II.

1. Arch Med Res. 2026 Oct 5;58(1):103528. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103528. Online ahead of print. Predictors of Vitamin B-12 Status in Pregnant Chilean Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of the Chilean Maternal and Infant Cohort Study-II. Mujica-Coopman MF(1), Garmendia ML(1), Lamers Y(2), Corvalán C(3). Author information: (1)Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Ambientes Alimentarios y Prevención de Enfermedades Crónicas Asociadas a la Nutrición, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. (2)Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada. (3)Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Ambientes Alimentarios y Prevención de Enfermedades Crónicas Asociadas a la Nutrición, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: ccorvalan@inta.uchile.cl. BACKGROUND: Adequate vitamin B12 (B12) concentrations are essential for optimal pregnancy development. The COVID-19 pandemic may have compromised adequate B12 intake. However, evidence on maternal B12 status and its predictors during the pandemic is scarce. This study aimed to assess serum total B12 (sB12) concentrations in the first or second trimester, and to identify maternal lifestyle, obstetric, and dietary predictors of B12 status among pregnant Chilean w

Vitamin B12 replacement strategies: a Brazilian delphi consensus.

2. EClinicalMedicine. 2026 Sep 23;100:104205. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2026.104205. eCollection 2026 Oct. Vitamin B12 replacement strategies: a Brazilian delphi consensus. Cohen RV(1), Levinson R(2), Baiocchi O(3), Salles JEN(4), Cavalcante França M Jr(5), Navarro T(6), Trujilho F(7), Soares JM Jr(8), Nakagawa D(9), Valente M(10), Barbuti R(11), Spera RR(12), Moura F(13), Valerio C(14), Schiavon CA(15), Dos Santos FC(16), Batista Dantas AC(17), Abdo A(18), Steiner ML(19), Korkes HA(20), Cordenonssi JT(21), Bachour P(22). Author information: (1)The Center for the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. (2)Lai Wen Di, LLC, New York, NY, USA. (3)Hematology and Coagulation Group, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. (4)Discipline of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo, Brazilian Diabetes Society, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. (5)Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil. (6)Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Especializado em Aparelho Digestivo, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. (7)Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM), Centro de Diabetes e Endocrinologia da Bahia (CEDEBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil. (8)Discipline of Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital das Clínicas, University

IMPACT OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION ON VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY LEVELS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.

3. Georgian Med News. 2026 Jul-Aug;(376-377):310-315. IMPACT OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION ON VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY LEVELS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY. Waleed R(1), Fadlalla A(1), Abdullah J(1), Ismail M(1), Saeed M(1), Hashim A(1), Eltom A(1). Author information: (1)Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. BACKGROUND: Vitamin B12 deficiency, commonly attributed to malabsorption, presents significant clinical consequences including hematological and neurological manifestations. Helicobacter pylori infection, a prevalent global pathogen, has been implicated in gastric pathology that may compromise vitamin B12 absorption through various mechanisms including gastric atrophy and impaired intrinsic factor production. This study aimed to evaluate the association between H. pylori infection and vitamin B12 deficiency. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted at Thumbay Hospital, Ajman, UAE, involving 110 patients who underwent testing for both H. pylori (via urea breath test) and vitamin B12 levels using consecutive sampling of eligible patients tested during the study period. Patients with positive H. pylori results comprised the case group (n=60), while those with negative results served as controls (n=50). H. pylori positivity was defined by the assay's manufacturer cut-off (delta-over-baseline ≥2.4‰), and vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as a serum concentration below 200

Mechanochemical integration of vitamin B(12) with zero-valent iron for enhanced reductive dechlorination: The critical role of Fe(x)N species.

4. Water Res. 2026 Oct 2;308(Pt C):127061. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2026.127061. Online ahead of print. Mechanochemical integration of vitamin B(12) with zero-valent iron for enhanced reductive dechlorination: The critical role of Fe(x)N species. Wang H(1), Cai S(1), Cheng C(1), Cao Z(2), Ma R(1), Liang L(3), He F(4). Author information: (1)Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. (2)College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China. (3)Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA. (4)Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. Electronic address: fenghe@jiangnan.edu.cn. Mechanochemical integration of vitamin B12 (B12) with microscale zero-valent iron (mZVI) (i.e., B12-mZVIbm) markedly enhances reductive dechlorination, but the origin of this enhancement remains unclear. Here we show that the performance gain of B12-mZVIbm arises from interfacial restructuring rather than immobilization alone. Systematic characterization revealed that mechanochemical synthesis immobilized B12 on mZVI via the formation of abundant FexN species, including γ'-Fe4N and ε-Fe2+xN, while preserving the structural integrity of B12 and shifting the cobalt center toward the catalytically active Co(

Association between elevated serum cobalamin concentrations and malignancy: a retrospective cohort study from the western Cape, South Africa.

5. Clin Biochem. 2026 Oct 3;146:111214. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2026.111214. Online ahead of print. Association between elevated serum cobalamin concentrations and malignancy: a retrospective cohort study from the western Cape, South Africa. Andrews CJ(1), Lahri S(2), Esterhuizen TM(3), Zemlin AE(4), Jalavu TP(4). Author information: (1)Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow, 7505, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Division of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tygerberg Hospital, 9(th) Floor, West Wing, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow, 7505, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. Electronic address: cjandrews@sun.ac.za. (2)Division of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow, 7505, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. (3)Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow, 7505, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. (4)Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow, 7505, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Division of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tygerberg Hospital, 9(th) Floor, W

Determination of method-specific reference intervals for vitamin B12 and its correlation with holotranscobalamin.

6. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2026 Oct 15;36(3):030705. doi: 10.11613/BM.2026.030705. Determination of method-specific reference intervals for vitamin B12 and its correlation with holotranscobalamin. Madenci OC(1), Ertug E(1), Aladag N(2), Isman FK(3), Yılmaz I(4). Author information: (1)Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kartal Dr Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. (2)Department of Internal Medicine, Kartal Dr Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. (3)Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey. (4)Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. INTRODUCTION: We aimed to compare total serum vitamin B12 measurements across four immunoassay platforms, establish method-specific reference intervals, evaluate the clinical impact of a uniform deficiency cut-off, and assess associations between total vitamin B12 and holotranscobalamin (holoTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Residual serum samples from 220 apparently healthy adults undergoing routine health check-ups were analyzed. Total vitamin B12 was measured on Beckman, Abbott, Siemens, and Roche platforms. Beckman analyses used the updated Access Vitamin B12 II calibrator introduced in December 2024. Holotranscobalamin was measured on the Abbott system. Reference intervals were derived using non-parametric methods according to CLSI EP28-A3c guidelines. Method comparison was performed using Passing-Bablok regression and concord

Patient-reported symptom profiles in vitamin B(12) deficiency and pernicious anemia: a cross-sectional study using latent class analysis.

7. Front Med (Lausanne). 2026 Sep 18;13:1927721. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1927721. eCollection 2026. Patient-reported symptom profiles in vitamin B(12) deficiency and pernicious anemia: a cross-sectional study using latent class analysis. Morris BM(1), Thain A(2), Schweiger BC(3), Nexø E(4), McCaddon A(5), Wolffenbuttel BHR(6), Green R(7)(8), Alpers DH(9), Dib MJ(10), Visser P(11), Burchell K(11), Ahmadi KR(2), Reynolds AW(12). Author information: (1)Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States. (2)School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom. (3)Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States. (4)Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. (5)Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Wrexham University, Wrexham, United Kingdom. (6)Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. (7)Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States. (8)Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States. (9)Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States. (10)Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelp

Accurate determination of vitamin B(12) in infant formula using isotope dilution-ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

8. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2026 Oct 2. doi: 10.1007/s00216-026-06829-z. Online ahead of print. Accurate determination of vitamin B(12) in infant formula using isotope dilution-ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Yu H(1)(2), Lijalem YG(1)(2)(3), Koo J(1), Ahn S(4), Kim B(5)(6), Choi K(7)(8)(9). Author information: (1)Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. (2)Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. (3)National Metrology Institute of Ethiopia, P.O. Box: 5722, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. (4)Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea. (5)Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. byungjoo@kriss.re.kr. (6)Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. byungjoo@kriss.re.kr. (7)Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. kihwan.choi@kriss.re.kr. (8)Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea. kihwan.choi@kriss.re.kr. (9)Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Dae

Vitamin B12 in early childhood: a phenotype-guided approach to deficiency and unexpectedly elevated concentrations.

9. Eur J Pediatr. 2026 Oct 2;185(11):796. doi: 10.1007/s00431-026-07464-7. Vitamin B12 in early childhood: a phenotype-guided approach to deficiency and unexpectedly elevated concentrations. Bufka J(1)(2)(3), Vaňková L(4)(5), Bufková A(4), Sládková E(6), Sýkora J(6)(4). Author information: (1)Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Faculty Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic. bufkaj@gmail.com. (2)Pediatric Biomolecular and Spectroscopic Research Group, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic. bufkaj@gmail.com. (3)Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. bufkaj@gmail.com. (4)Pediatric Biomolecular and Spectroscopic Research Group, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic. (5)Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic. (6)Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Faculty Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic. Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause preventable but potentially irreversible neurological injury in infancy, whereas unexpectedly elevated total vitamin B12 creates a different diagnostic challenge. This review outlines a phenotype-guided approach to both findings, emphasizing the mother-infant dyad. Infant de

DNA-like nanoarchitectonics and hypersensitivity to dioxygen of supermolecules of vitamin B(12) nucleotide-free analogue.

10. Nanoscale. 2026 Sep 25. doi: 10.1039/d6nr01971d. Online ahead of print. DNA-like nanoarchitectonics and hypersensitivity to dioxygen of supermolecules of vitamin B(12) nucleotide-free analogue. Maiorova LA(1), Dereven'kov IA(2), Volkov VV(3), Tikhonov AM(1). Author information: (1)P. L. Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia. maiorova.larissa@gmail.com. (2)Independent Researcher, Ivanovo, Russia. derevenkov@gmail.com. (3)Kurchatov Complex Crystallography and Photonics, National Research Centre, Russia. Recently, we have described the first supermolecular nanoentities of vitamin B12 analogues, i.e., monocyano forms of heptabutyl cobyrinate, which are unique nanoparticles with emerging optical and catalytic properties and rapid response to gaseous toxins highly dangerous to humans. However, the following questions remain: why do all the studied properties change dramatically in supermolecules, and can their structures provide an answer to this question? Herein, we present the first evidence obtained from X-ray diffraction analysis of supermolecules of organometallic compounds. They were created by a nanoarchitectonic approach using directed self-assembly of vitamin B12 derivatives in layers at the air-water interface in a confined space at the nanolevel. The Bragg peaks indicated that two types of supermolecular structures can be formed in Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) films: molecular stacks twisted into

Effects of Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, and L-Carnitine on Congenital Malformations Induced by Vitamin A Hypervitaminosis.

11. Birth Defects Res. 2026 Oct;118(10):e70118. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.70118. Effects of Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, and L-Carnitine on Congenital Malformations Induced by Vitamin A Hypervitaminosis. Açık İ(1), Gökçimen A(2), Kalkan NS(1). Author information: (1)Institute of Histology and Embryology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Türkiye. (2)Histology and Embryology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Türkiye. BACKGROUND: Excessive intake of exogenous vitamin A during pregnancy has been associated with congenital malformations. This experimental study aimed to evaluate whether vitamin B12, folic acid, and L-carnitine exert a protective or contributory effect on malformations induced by hypervitaminosis A. METHODS: Thirty-five healthy adult female Wistar albino rats and seven male rats were used. Pregnant rats received vitamin A alone or in combination with vitamin B12, folic acid, or L-carnitine for 21 consecutive days (GD 0-21). At the end of gestation, neonates were evaluated for gross congenital malformations. Brain, liver, and eye tissues were excised and processed for histopathological and morphometric analyses. RESULTS: No gross external malformations were observed in any group; however, significant growth restriction and multi-organ histopathological alterations were detected in the offspring. Histological examination revealed interstitial edema in brain tissue and retinal detachment in the eye. Hepatic alterations included sinusoidal dilatatio

[Consequences of celiac disease in an unaccompanied minor Eritrean refugee: severe intramedullary hemolytic anemia due to vitamin B12deficiency].

12. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2026 Sep 30;170:D8971. [Consequences of celiac disease in an unaccompanied minor Eritrean refugee: severe intramedullary hemolytic anemia due to vitamin B12deficiency]. [Article in Dutch] Cruijsen MM(1)(2), Pullens HJM(3), Suijker MH(4), Versteege T(5), Baauw A(6), Meijneke RWH(1). Author information: (1)Meander Medisch Centrum, afd. Kindergeneeskunde, Amersfoort. (2)Contact: miloucruijsen@gmail.com. (3)Meander Medisch Centrum, afd. Maag-Darm-Leverziekten, Amersfoort. (4)Wilhelmina KinderZiekenhuis, Utrecht. (5)GezondheidsZorg Asielzoekers, Amsterdam. (6)Opleidingsinstituut Internationale Gezondheidszorg, Utrecht. Unaccompanied minor refugees (UMRs), particularly from regions like Syria, Eritrea, and Iraq, face significant healthcare challenges in the Netherlands. Their unique medical and psychosocial needs necessitate a culturally sensitive diagnostic approach and coordinated care. Chronic conditions linked to nutritional deficiencies, such as celiac disease, are of particular concern. Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten, leading to inflammation and malabsorption in the intestines. We present a case of a 16-year-old Eritrean UMR who, after a lengthy migration, arrived with anemia, gastrointestinal issues, and nutritional deficiencies. Diagnostic tests revealed anemia, intramedullary hemolysis, and vitamin B12 deficiency, with endoscopy confirming celiac disease and chronic gastritis. Treatment included

Blood-activating and collateral-unblocking traditional Chinese medicine formulas combined with mecobalamin for peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

13. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2026 Sep 16;17:1888494. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1888494. eCollection 2026. Blood-activating and collateral-unblocking traditional Chinese medicine formulas combined with mecobalamin for peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Liu Z(#)(1), Wang Y(#)(1), Hu A(#)(1), Jia S(1), Wu T(1), Fu Y(1), Zheng H(2), Sun L(1)(3). Author information: (1)Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China. (2)School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China. (3)Department of Nephrology, Fangshan Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China. (#)Contributed equally BACKGROUND: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a leading cause of neuropathic pain, disability and lower-limb amputation, and the pharmacological options currently available do little to reverse established nerve injury. Compound traditional Chinese medicine preparations that activate blood circulation and unblock the collaterals have shown promise as add-on therapy to neurotrophic treatment, improving nerve conduction and relieving symptoms, but head-to-head comparisons between individual formulas are lacking. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and other databases were searched to July 2026 for randomised controlled trials comparing a blood-activating, collateral-unblocking formula p

Elevated Serum Vitamin B(12) Concentrations Are Nonlinearly Associated with Cancer Incidence and All-Cause Mortality: A retrospective analysis of the global multi-institutional cohort study.

14. J Nutr. 2026 Sep 29:101855. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101855. Online ahead of print. Elevated Serum Vitamin B(12) Concentrations Are Nonlinearly Associated with Cancer Incidence and All-Cause Mortality: A retrospective analysis of the global multi-institutional cohort study. Tseng YT(1), Chen KT(2), Lee PC(3), Wang LY(3), Lin WS(4), Tseng YH(5), Li CY(6). Author information: (1)Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan, Taiwan. (2)Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan, Taiwan. (3)Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. (4)Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan. (5)Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Electronic address: mayeesha@gs.ncku.edu.tw. (6)Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Me

Salmonella Typhimurium vitamin B12-dependent methionine metabolism regulates Caenorhabditis elegans development and vitellogenesis.

15. Microbiol Spectr. 2026 Sep 29:e0082726. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00827-26. Online ahead of print. Salmonella Typhimurium vitamin B12-dependent methionine metabolism regulates Caenorhabditis elegans development and vitellogenesis. Daimai C(1), Negi VD(1). Author information: (1)Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India. Host-microbe interactions extend beyond infection, involving microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, and other bioactive compounds, that influence host physiology and development. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, an excellent model organism for host-microbe interactions, we demonstrate that Salmonella Typhimurium significantly accelerates C. elegans growth through a vitamin B12-dependent mechanism affecting methionine metabolism. We measured the reproductive maturity of C. elegans via embryo and oocyte production in response to various Salmonella virulence factor mutants and Salmonella strains deficient in cobalamin, folate, and methionine synthesis pathways. We found that the Salmonella cbiB and metH genes are essential for rapid development in C. elegans. Moreover, the C. elegans metr-1 mutant, which lacks functional methionine synthase, did not exhibit increased reproductive maturity when fed on S. Typhimurium or Escherichia coli OP50 supplemented with vitamin B12. However, methionine supplementation rescued this phenotype, indica