맥주효모 (약용효모 · 탈모/모발)

BACKGROUND: Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a vital forage and cereal crop widely cultivated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known for its outstanding adaptability to barren soils. Nitrogen (N) is a critical macronutrient, and the excessive application of N fertilizers has triggered severe ecological crises. Identifying key genes regulating adaptation to low N stress is essential for breeding N-efficient oat varieties. The DNA-binding with one finger (Dof) transcription factors play crucial roles in plant stress responses, but their precise molecular mechanisms in oat N-deficiency adaptation remain largely unknown. RESULTS: In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide identification and unveiled 54 AsDof genes in the oat genome. Phylogenetic, synteny, and promoter analyses revealed their high evolutionary conservation and complex potential roles in stress networks. Transcriptome profiling under low N stress pinpointed AsDof6.5 as a potential candidate. Ectopic expression of AsDof6.5 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly enhanced plant adaptation to low N. This was morphologically manifested as enhanced primary root elongation, increased root hair number, and significantly higher fresh weight under N-deprived conditions. Physiological assays further demonstrated that AsDof6.5 overexpression efficiently reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation while simultaneously preserving soluble protein (SP) levels. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays demonstrated that AsDof6.5 has the potential to physicall

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) involves dihydrotestosterone-driven follicular miniaturization compounded by oxidative stress and perifollicular inflammation, while current pharmacotherapies remain limited by adverse effects. Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Meliaceae) leaves, a phenolic-

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common form of hair loss, is driven by dihydrotestosterone-mediated follicular miniaturization, oxidative stress, and perifollicular inflammation, requiring multi-target intervention. Coffee pulp is an abundant coffee-processing by-product and a potential source of value-added bioactives relevant to AGA. This study investigated whether fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, or their mixed culture could remodel c

BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting seborrheic areas of the skin, including the scalp. It is often confused with scalp psoriasis due to similar clinical and histopathological features. OBJECTIVE: This study described microscopic changes in the pilosebaceous unit in seborrheic dermatitis (SDS) using cross-sectional histological sections in order to improve diagnostic accuracy in differentiating SDS from scalp psoriasis and early-stage alopecia. METHODS: This study included 35 men aged 18-65 diagnosed with SDS (both mild and severe cases). Scalp biopsies were obtained and analyzed for 35 microscopic parameters, including quantitative and qualitative variables, and compared with the data of scalp psoriasis from a previous study. RESULTS: Among 35 scalp biopsies from seborrheic dermatitis (SDS) cases, no significant histological differences were observed between mild and severe forms. Sebaceous gland atrophy was absent in SDS but present in 40% of 22 psoriasis cases, which also showed significantly smaller gland size (0.22 vs. 0.51 mm; p < 0.05). Perifollicular inflammation and fibrosis were common in SDS, while Malassezia yeasts and Demodex mites were rarely identified. LIMITATIONS: The small sample size and lack of longitudinal follow-up limit the generalizability of the results. Additionally, only scalp biopsies were analyzed, excluding other affected areas. CONCLUSION: The findings emphasize that the absence of sebaceous gland atrophy is a useful criterion in the differentiation of seborrheic dermatitis from psoriasis of the scalp. They also highlight the diagnostic complexity of SDS with histologi

BACKGROUND: Diffuse hair loss and shedding is often managed with food supplements, yet evidence for ingredient combinations is limited. Our exploratory study evaluated a nutritional supplement (Priorin capsules, Bayer) containing millet extract, pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), L-cystine, and biotin (vitamin B7) in healthy subjects with light diffuse hair loss. METHODS: In this open-label, intra-individual, multicenter study, subjects with non-illness-related, light diffuse hair loss used the product (two capsules/day) for 12 weeks. Endpoints included objective measurements of hair density, hair growth coefficient, and hair loss (phototrichogram), subjective evaluations of hair appearance, beauty and volume (hairdresser-rated), consumer perception and acceptance, and tolerability. RESULTS: In 112 subjects (mean age 32 ± 1 years; 93.8% female), hair density (n = 109) and the proportion of hairs in the anagen phase increased significantly, while the telogen proportion decreased (p < 0.001, week 12 vs. baseline). Hair loss had declined by 59% at week 12 (p < 0.001). Significant improvements in the hairdresser-rated hair quality and appearance parameters (shine, softness/elasticity, strength, smoothness, dryness, vitality, volume) were observed (p < 0.001). From week 2, subjects reported progressive improvement in appearance, growth, and slowing of hair loss. At week 12, 90% of subjects perceived improved hair appearance and growth, 85% reported slowing down of hair loss, and 82% were satisfied with the overall hair improvements with treatment. The supplement was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of millet extract, pantothenic acid, L-cystine, and biotin was associated with reduced hair loss, improv

PURPOSE: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is characterized by perifollicular micro-inflammation, although its precise trigger remains elusive. Given that the hair follicle harbors a distinct microbiota which may modulate local immune responses, this study aimed to comprehensively profile the bacterial and fungal microbiome within the deep hair follicles of AGA patients versus healthy controls, and to evaluate the influence of disease severity, age, sex, and geographical environment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We recru

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from microbial sources, including beer yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), have recently attracted increasing attention as bioactive nanostructures with potential biomedical and cosmetic applications. In this study, EVs were isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (beer yeast) using an electrokinetic ion-binding filtration system, followed by tangential flow filtration (TFF)-based buffer exchange. Their physicochemical characteristics and hair follicle-related biological activities were systematically evaluated. Nanoparticle tracking analysis demonstrated a mean particle size within the typical EV range, and zeta potential analysis confirmed a negatively charged surface. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy further verified the presence of lipid bilayer-enclosed nanovesicles. Biological activity was assessed in human dermal papilla cells, keratinocytes, and dermal fibroblasts, which collectively represent key components of the hair follicle microenvironment. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, yeast-derived EVs enhanced dermal papilla cell proliferation and promoted keratinocyte migration. The EVs attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression under stimulated conditions and upregulated collagen-related gene expression in dermal fibroblasts. In addition, measurable antioxidant activity was observed. Collectively, these findings indicate that S. cerevisiae-derived extracellular vesicles exhibit multifunctional bioactivity relevant to the regulation of hair follicle-associated cellular processes. This study supports the potential of microbial EVs as scalable bioactive platforms for modulating hair follicle microenvironmental homeostasis.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common cause of hair loss in men and women, involves progressive follicular miniaturization and reduced hair density. Emerging evidence implicates the scalp microbiome as a potential modifier of this process. Preliminary evidence suggests alterations in microbial communities in patients with AGA compared to the general population, with the most robust finding being an enrichment of Cutibacterium acnes, particularly in males. Increases in Malassezia and reductions in Lawsonella and Corynebacterium have also been described, though results are less consistent across studies, while Staphylococcus displays variable patterns. These microbial shifts parallel alterations in scalp sebum composition, such as elevated triglycerides and palmitic acid, that may favor growth of lipophilic microbes. Mechanistic insights from in vitro studies and related inflammatory skin conditions indicate that C. acnes and Malassezia spp. are capable of generating free fatty acids and activating innate immune pathways, such as TLR2- and NLRP3-associated signaling, leading to pro-inflammatory cytokine production, potentially contributing to follicular stem cell apoptosis and hair follicle miniaturization. Although findings remain heterogenous, emerging evidence suggests microbial-lipid-immune interactions may contribute to AGA pathogenesis, providing a rationale for exploring treatments like ketoconazole or other lipid-modulating interventions. © 2026 The Author(s). International Journal of Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of the International Society of Dermatology.

Rosa laevigata Michx. (R. laevigata) is an important horticultural plant with strong drought resistance and ornamental value. Its fruit can be used as medicine, but its fruits and stems are covered with dense prickles, which leads to difficulty for cultivation. The molecular mechanism of prickle development in R. laevigata is still unknown. In the present study, eighty-one prickle-related genes were found by transcriptome sequencing. A gene closely related to prickle development was selected for functional research, which was named TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1).

Hair growth is orchestrated by a complex cycle comprising the anagen, catagen, telogen, and exogen phases that are largely regulated by dermal papilla cells (DPCs). The disruption of oxidative balance and inflammation impairs follicle function and regeneration. Fermented yeast complex extract (FYCE) is a bioactive material derived from enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast and collagen substrates through a two-step fermentation with Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum, enriched in antioxidant amino acids such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-alanine. In this study, we evaluated the effect of FYCE on hair regrowth, with a focus on its modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated DPCs. FYCE treatment significantly enhanced NRF2 expression (3.2-fold compared to H2O2-treated DPCs), a central transcription factor controlling antioxidant defense, and concomitantly suppressed NF-κB activity (0.6-fold compared to H2O2-treated DPCs), a key mediator of inflammation. Importantly, FYCE also attenuated the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, as evidenced by the decreased expression levels of its molecular components. Comp